Archive for the ‘Neurology’ Category

Research presented this week at the Neuroscience 2009 meeting in Chicago revealed an interesting side effect of internet use on older brains. Researchers from University of California, Los Angeles found that frequent internet use among the elderly – even those who only recently started using the web – increased brain functioning beyond their baseline. By comparing novice users to seasoned internet veterans the researchers found that even after just one week of using the internet, the novice users’ brains showed activity in areas important for working memory and decision making – activity that wasn’t apparent on brain scans prior to engagement with the web. [via Medical News Today]

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Fact or fiction? Losing one’s ability to use a particular sense will heighten the other senses. Neuroscientists at McGill University, home of the world-renowned Montreal Neurological Institute, set out to test this idea and discovered that in certain circumstances blindness can, in fact, heighten the other senses. By testing blind and sighted subjects for pitch perception and their ability to locate sounds, researchers found that blind subjects generally scored higher, not surprisingly. However, they also discovered that those who were born blind performed the best, while those who became blind as young children were slightly worse, and those who lost their vision after age 10 did no better than the sighted subjects. The theory is that a young brain could be rewired so that visual-processing areas were used for other purposes. And sure enough, by looking at MRI scans of subjects’ brains, they discovered that blind subjects who performed the best were using both the visual and auditory regions of their brains. [via New York Times]

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Skinny, tight jeans are in fashion and leading to a rise in what’s being called the “tight jean syndrome“, a condition where tight-fitting clothing compresses nerves in the groin and thigh region causing pain and sensations of stinging, burning and numbness. The medical term for this condition is Meralgia Paresthetica and the nerve involved is called the lateral cutaneous nerve. Aside from tight jeans, other causes include tight belts, seat belt trauma from motor vehicle accidents, pregnancy and weight gain. The diagnosis is usually made after x-rays, CAT scans, MRIs, or EMG studies show no other cause for the pain. Various treatments are available including pain medicines, neurologic medications, injections and, of course, taking the pressure off of the nerve by weight loss and not wearing tight-fitting pants or belts.

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Researchers from University of Michigan and Wayne State University are publishing the results of their study on the effects of triglycerides on diabetic neuropathy, a condition whereby nerves are damaged due to the progression of diabetes, often resulting in numbness, tingling, and pain in the feet, hands, legs and arms. Triglycerides are a type of fat that’s produced by the body. It’s a standard component to the “cholesterol test” which almost every person has had done. Elevated triglycerides can play a role in cardiovascular disease, and now this new study is suggesting that patients with high levels of triglycerides are more likely to experience worsening of their neuropathy. This is important because until now doctors couldn’t necessarily predict which patients will have a decline in their neuropathy. Now we may be able to target those patients with elevated triglycerides in hopes of slowing disease progression.

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Hearing is one of the most often overlooked aspects of a physical exam. Physicians rarely ask patients about their hearing, and most people never think about getting their hearing checked (at least half of all Americans have not had a hearing exam within the past five years). Enter uHear (TM), a hearing test application for the Apple iPhone. The authors claim that the program can identify potential hearing loss, especially among the predominantly young population that uses the device. This is the group most at risk for hearing loss with 84 percent saying they’ve turned up their MP3 players loud enough to block out noise in everyday situations such as at home, on the street, or while on transportation. This is enough to cause long term hearing loss. Currently, it is believed that there are at least 30 million Americans with hearing loss and a great many of them are under the age of 35. Read more.

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Researchers in Japan examined levels of lithium in drinking water and noted that suicide rates were significantly lower in those areas with the highest levels of the element. Lithium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in tap water and is often used to treat mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder and acute mania. So should lithium be added to our drinking water? Not quite yet. There are no large-scale studies to demonstrate feasibility or safety in using lithium to this extent. However, the idea is one which will garner considerable debate. Like many medications it is yet unknown how lithium works in in the brain to treat mood disorders.

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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center researchers published in the journal Neurology yesterday that migraines and other types of headaches can be related to temperature and weather. Looking at seven years of emergency room data, researchers found a correlation between onset of headache and higher mean ambient temperature during the 24 hours before coming to the ER. Also, low barometric pressure (often related to storms) 48 to 72 hours prior to emergency room visits was also linked to increased risk of headache.

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The most common cause of peroneal nerve compression problems is habitual leg crossing. By crossing your legs and compressing the area behind your knees the peroneal nerve can be damaged, leading to a common finding called foot drop. People who have this type of nerve damage will usually present with tripping episodes due to foot drop, and tingling and numbness in their affected leg and foot. Pain can also be present. Most peroneal nerve problems respond to conservative management with rest and elimination of triggering factors, such as leg crossing. Physical therapy and ankle-foot orthosis can help to stabilize gait and prevent tripping.

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was widely pulicized in the 1990s as the human form of the cow disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which is contracted from eating contaminated beef. However, there are sporadic forms of CJD that can occur for unknown reasons – unrelated to eating meat. Now, researchers have found a new variant of this fatal disease that appears to advance faster, causing dementia and even the loss of ability to speak and move. It is yet unclear what the cause is, but scientists speculate that an interaction with a genetic component may be likely.

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New insight into Alzheimer’s disease was reported by researchers at the Karolinska Institute this week. Scientists studying mouse models of the disease showed that when mice were fed with fast food products high in fat, sugar and cholesterol, they developed more “brain tangles” that lead to development of Alzheimer’s. These tangles of protein that develope in the brain are one of the hallmarks of the disease. Even though this is a mouse study, and the results may not necessarily be translated to humans, it’s yet another reason to consume less fast food and processed foods.

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